[单选题]PassagetwoThisiswhatIhavenoticedinsportsclub:Ineveryclassatmyclub,everysingleattendeeisfemale.Theyareold,theyareyoung;somearefit,andsomearenot.But,saveforoneoftheinstructors,theyareallwomen.Conversely,justabouteverymanintheclub(includingme)worksoutbyhimself,usuallyonthemachinesorfreeweights.Thisisnotsomethingaccidental.Asitrelatestothesexes,theremustbesomeinsightsintohumanbehavior.Butwhat?Coulditbethatwomenfeelmorecomfortableingroupsthanmen?Ifso,why?Andinwhatwaydomenfeelmorecomfortable?Whydowepreferexercisingalone?Diggingdeeper,Iwonderifthesedistinctivebehaviorsaremarkersforbothgenders.Menhavealwaysidentifiedwiththelonewolf.Lookattheheroesinthemovies.WehavetheMarlboroMan,eventheTerminator.Menfindsomethingtimelessandappealingtothelonelyheroes,always.ClintEastwoodandRamboactedalone.Thedarkerthepersona(角色)themoremenrelate.Theybecomeheroeswhentheysaveothersandsolveseriousproblems–allbythemselves.Necessarily,then,thiswouldhavewomenidentifyingwithgroups,likeTheRealHousewivesof…However,menalsoplayonteams.Wecanrelatetoabandofbrothersandfightonbattlefieldstogether.So,whyisitthatwomenalmostuniversallyworkoutingroupsandmendon’t?Ibelieveithasmoretodowitheachgender’swillingnesstoaskforhelp.Inotherwords,thesamepsychologythatmakessomanymenreluctanttoaskfordirectionsisalsowhatkeepsthemoutofthosegymclasses.Ironically,itisadefectofcharacter,buttheroleofproblemsolveristoodeep-rootedintheirmasculinityforthemtobehaveotherwise.Subconsciouslyconsideringthemselvescapableofsolvingproblemsindividually,menwouldregarditfemininetoaskforhelpfromothers,especiallyatthegym,wheretheirphysicalmanhoodisondisplay.Ingeneral,womendon’thavethisproblem.Theytakecomfortinunityorareatleastmotivatedbythatunity.29.Accordingtotheauthor,whyaremenreluctanttoworkingroupsinsportsclub?
[单选题]Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticality(实用性)andrationality(理性),butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat’snotwhatIdid.Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts(文科)universitythatdoesn’tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren’tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchawisechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.IheadedofftothecollegeandsureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering"factories"wheretheydidn’tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanistallinone.NowI’mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleideascrashedintoreality,asallnobleideasfinallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcileengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’tmixaseasilyasIsupposedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.2.Accordingtotheauthor,bycommunicatingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudentscan___________.
[单选题]Forhundredsofyears,thecriminallaw(刑法)hasbeenbuiltaroundtheideathatwrongdoersmustbepunishedfortheircrimes.Themostbasicargumentforpunishmentisthatitpreserveslawandorderandrespectsforauthority.Fromthispointofview，punishmentdoestwothings.Itupholdsthelaw，anditpreventsothersfromthinkingtheycangetawaywithdoingthesamethingwithoutpunishment.Punishmentisbasedontheideathatmanypeoplehaveabarelycontrolleddesiretoactinforbiddenways.Oneofthebestwaystoreducecrimeistoreformorrehabilitate(改造)habitualcriminals.Themainproblemisnotthefirstoffenderorthepettythiefbuttherepeatedoffenderwhocommitsincreasinglyseriouscrimes.Accordingtocriminologists，crimewoulddecreasegreatlyifallsuchoffenderscouldbeturnedawayfromwrongdoing.ButU.S.prisonshavehadlittlesuccessinrehabilitatinginmates.Abouttwo-thirdsofthepeoplearrestedinanyyearhaveapreviouscriminalrecord.Rehabilitation(改造)ofcriminalscouldprobablybeimprovedgreatlyifexpertscouldprovidetherightkindofprogramfordifferenttypesofoffenders.Criminalsvarywidelyinthekindsofcrimestheycommit，theiremotionalproblems，andtheirsocialandeconomicbackgrounds.Notalloffenderscanbehelpedbythesametreatment.Manyrequiretheaidofphysicians,psychiatrists,orpsychologists.Othersrespondwelltoeducationalorvocationaltraining.Intheearly1990s,therewereabout1,300,000criminalsinU.S.city,county,state,andfederalcorrectionalinstitutions，andabout500,000morewereoutonparole.Societyspentmorethan$15billiontooperateprisonsandrelatedinstitutionsyearly,butonlyasmallpartofthissumwenttoprovidetreatment.Nearlyallthefundswereusedtofeedandclotheprisonersandtokeepthemundercontrol.Sincethe1ate1970s,however,therehasbeenatrendtowardpunishmentratherthanrehabilitationofoffenders.Prisonsentences(徒刑)arelonger.CapitalpunishmentshavebeenusedmorefrequentlysincetheU.S.SupremeCourtliftedadeathpenaltybanin1976.Nevertheless,crimepreventionshouldaimtopreventpeoplefrombecomingcriminalsinthefirstplace.Suchagoalprobablywouldbenefitfromreformprogramsinurbanslums.Theseprogramswouldincludeimprovedhousing,schools,andrecreationprogramsandincreasedjobopportunities.Therearemanyotherwaystoreducecrime.Peoplecanbeeducatedorpersuadedtotakegreaterprecautionsagainstcrime.Theycanbetaught,forexample,howtoprotecttheirhomesfromburglary.Automobiletheftswoulddropsharplyifdriversremovedtheirkeysandlockedtheircarswhenleavingthem.Betterlightinghelpsdiscouragepurse-snatchingsandotherrobberiesoncitystreetsandinparks.Manyexpertsbelievethatstrictgun-licensinglawswouldgreatlyreducecrime.14.Accordingtotheauthor,punishmentisabettermeansthanrehabilitationinreducingcrimerate____.
