PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfaculty全体教师membersfrom阻止，避免做goingelsewhere.(=Stopsb.Fromdoingsth.)Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto“solve”problems—realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired—nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings—hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse（信息交流中心）forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It’sanadministrativesham（欺诈）ofthekindthathasmultiplied大大增加overthelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems—classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being—mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic（官僚的）mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway—thecurriculum课程shouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?
PassageOneRecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfaculty全体教师membersfrom阻止，避免做goingelsewhere.(=Stopsb.Fromdoingsth.)Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto“solve”problems—realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired—nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings—hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse（信息交流中心）forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It’sanadministrativesham（欺诈）ofthekindthathasmultiplied大大增加overthelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems—classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being—mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic（官僚的）mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway—thecurriculum课程shouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?
Life’sallaboutmakingconnectionsReadthearticlebelowaboutsomenewnetworkinggroupsspecificallyforbusinesswomen.ChoosethebestwordA,BorCtofillthegaps1-10.Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,saysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingBecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.‘Wecouldn’tfindanythingforpeoplewithnoexperience.Sowethoughtwe’dstartourown.’Fromtwelvefriendsmeetingregularly,itrapidlygrewto250membersfrommanydifferentorganizations.It’sagreatwayto(8)_____usefulcontactsandbringinpotentialbusiness.FionaClutterbuckisco-chairofanetworkforthebankABNAMRO.‘Womentendtothinkofnetworkingas(9)_______andgiveitlowpriority.’butgiventhechance,womenwillnetwork–asthebank’slast‘speednetworking’eventdemonstrated.‘Withover100womenandmen,itwasagreat(10)_____.Itisamazinghowmanypeopleyougettomeetfromdifferentpartsoftheorganization.’Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.
Life’sallaboutmakingconnectionsReadthearticlebelowaboutsomenewnetworkinggroupsspecificallyforbusinesswomen.ChoosethebestwordA,BorCtofillthegaps1-10.Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,saysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingBecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.‘Wecouldn’tfindanythingforpeoplewithnoexperience.Sowethoughtwe’dstartourown.’Fromtwelvefriendsmeetingregularly,itrapidlygrewto250membersfrommanydifferentorganizations.It’sagreatwayto(8)_____usefulcontactsandbringinpotentialbusiness.FionaClutterbuckisco-chairofanetworkforthebankABNAMRO.‘Womentendtothinkofnetworkingas(9)_______andgiveitlowpriority.’butgiventhechance,womenwillnetwork–asthebank’slast‘speednetworking’eventdemonstrated.‘Withover100womenandmen,itwasagreat(10)_____.Itisamazinghowmanypeopleyougettomeetfromdifferentpartsoftheorganization.’Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.
Life’sallaboutmakingconnectionsReadthearticlebelowaboutsomenewnetworkinggroupsspecificallyforbusinesswomen.ChoosethebestwordA,BorCtofillthegaps。Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,saysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingBecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.‘Wecouldn’tfindanythingforpeoplewithnoexperience.Sowethoughtwe’dstartourown.’Fromtwelvefriendsmeetingregularly,itrapidlygrewto250membersfrommanydifferentorganizations.It’sagreatwayto(8)_____usefulcontactsandbringinpotentialbusiness.FionaClutterbuckisco-chairofanetworkforthebankABNAMRO.‘Womentendtothinkofnetworkingas(9)_______andgiveitlowpriority.’butgiventhechance,womenwillnetwork–asthebank’slast‘speednetworking’eventdemonstrated.‘Withover100womenandmen,itwasagreat(10)_____.Itisamazinghowmanypeopleyougettomeetfromdifferentpartsoftheorganization.’Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.
Life’sallaboutmakingconnectionsReadthearticlebelowaboutsomenewnetworkinggroupsspecificallyforbusinesswomen.ChoosethebestwordA,BorCtofillthegaps1-10.Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,saysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingBecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.‘Wecouldn’tfindanythingforpeoplewithnoexperience.Sowethoughtwe’dstartourown.’Fromtwelvefriendsmeetingregularly,itrapidlygrewto250membersfrommanydifferentorganizations.It’sagreatwayto(8)_____usefulcontactsandbringinpotentialbusiness.FionaClutterbuckisco-chairofanetworkforthebankABNAMRO.‘Womentendtothinkofnetworkingas(9)_______andgiveitlowpriority.’butgiventhechance,womenwillnetwork–asthebank’slast‘speednetworking’eventdemonstrated.‘Withover100womenandmen,itwasagreat(10)_____.Itisamazinghowmanypeopleyougettomeetfromdifferentpartsoftheorganization.’TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,
Life’sallaboutmakingconnectionsReadthearticlebelowaboutsomenewnetworkinggroupsspecificallyforbusinesswomen.ChoosethebestwordA,BorCtofillthegaps1-10.Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,saysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingBecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.‘Wecouldn’tfindanythingforpeoplewithnoexperience.Sowethoughtwe’dstartourown.’Fromtwelvefriendsmeetingregularly,itrapidlygrewto250membersfrommanydifferentorganizations.It’sagreatwayto(8)_____usefulcontactsandbringinpotentialbusiness.FionaClutterbuckisco-chairofanetworkforthebankABNAMRO.‘Womentendtothinkofnetworkingas(9)_______andgiveitlowpriority.’butgiventhechance,womenwillnetwork–asthebank’slast‘speednetworking’eventdemonstrated.‘Withover100womenandmen,itwasagreat(10)_____.Itisamazinghowmanypeopleyougettomeetfromdifferentpartsoftheorganization.’TinaHalletsaysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingbecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’
Life’sallaboutmakingconnectionsReadthearticlebelowaboutsomenewnetworkinggroupsspecificallyforbusinesswomen.ChoosethebestwordA,BorCtofillthegaps1-10.Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,saysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingBecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.‘Wecouldn’tfindanythingforpeoplewithnoexperience.Sowethoughtwe’dstartourown.’Fromtwelvefriendsmeetingregularly,itrapidlygrewto250membersfrommanydifferentorganizations.It’sagreatwayto(8)_____usefulcontactsandbringinpotentialbusiness.FionaClutterbuckisco-chairofanetworkforthebankABNAMRO.‘Womentendtothinkofnetworkingas(9)_______andgiveitlowpriority.’butgiventhechance,womenwillnetwork–asthebank’slast‘speednetworking’eventdemonstrated.‘Withover100womenandmen,itwasagreat(10)_____.Itisamazinghowmanypeopleyougettomeetfromdifferentpartsoftheorganization.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.
Life’sallaboutmakingconnectionsReadthearticlebelowaboutsomenewnetworkinggroupsspecificallyforbusinesswomen.ChoosethebestwordA,BorCtofillthegaps1-10.Toyou,networkingmightmean(1)____aconferenceortradefaireventtomeetnewclientsorpartners.Oritcouldbethecoffeebreakatworkwhereyoushare(2)_____withcolleaguesinotherdepartments.Butnowadaysnetworkinghasbecomeaneventinitself.Forexample,PricewaterhouseCoopersofferitsfemalestaffaformalnetworking(3)_____calledPwCwomen.With900members,itorganizeseventsrangingfrominformaldrinkseveningstocoachingevents.TinaHallet,whois(4)_______forthegroup,saysthatshegotinvolved(5)________networkingBecause‘I’dgottoareasonablyseniorlevelandIwantedtohelpotherpeopletomaximizetheirpotential.’Youdon’thavetobeseniorto(6)_____anetworkthough.VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.‘Wecouldn’tfindanythingforpeoplewithnoexperience.Sowethoughtwe’dstartourown.’Fromtwelvefriendsmeetingregularly,itrapidlygrewto250membersfrommanydifferentorganizations.It’sagreatwayto(8)_____usefulcontactsandbringinpotentialbusiness.FionaClutterbuckisco-chairofanetworkforthebankABNAMRO.‘Womentendtothinkofnetworkingas(9)_______andgiveitlowpriority.’butgiventhechance,womenwillnetwork–asthebank’slast‘speednetworking’eventdemonstrated.‘Withover100womenandmen,itwasagreat(10)_____.Itisamazinghowmanypeopleyougettomeetfromdifferentpartsoftheorganization.’VickyWoodandSallyHopkinshadtheideafortheCityGirlsNetworkwhentheyfirstmovedintoLondon’scorporateworldandwonderedhowtogetto(7)______otherwomen.