PassageThreeQuestions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Therearedifferentideasaboutpetsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Inmostcultures,animalsareinaworsepositionthanhumanbeings.Insomecases,however,peopletreattheirpetslikemembersoftheirfamilies,orperhapsbetter.IntheUnitedStatesandEurope,therearespecialshopsthatsellclothingandfoodforcatsanddogs.Inmanycountriesoftheworld,thereisspecialfoodforpets.Itiscommonforbigmarketsinmanyplacestosellcatfoodanddogfood.However,inasmalltowninFrance,thereisaspecialrestaurantfordogs.Dogsaretheonlycustomers.Thereisseatingfortwentyofthem.Thedogschoosefromavarietyofdishesonthemenu.Ofcourse,inmostpartsoftheworld,petsdon'tliveinsuchwealthandcomfort.Peopletreattheirpetsinamorepracticalway.Peopleowncatsanddogsbecausetheykeepawaymiceandotherunwantedanimals.Ownershavesomelovingfeelingsfortheirpets,buttheydonotseethemasequaltofamilymembers.Inmostplacesintheworld,thereisn'tanyspecialclothingorfinefoodforanimals.Therearen'tanyspecialrestaurantsfordogs.41.Accordingtothepassage,inmostcountries().
PassagethreeManypeoplebelievethatboysandgirlsshouldbeeducatedinseparateclassesbecausetheirbrainsaretolearnindifferentways.Forthepastdecadeparentsandteachershavebecomeworriedincreasinglyaboutboys,whoarenowroutinelyoutperformedbygirlsateverylevelandwhoshowgrowinglevelsofself-dissatisfactionandlackofmotivation.Dr.Sax,founderoftheNationalAssociationforSingleSexPublicEducationintheUnitedStates,arguesthatthisgendergapistheresultofinnatelydifferentlearningstylesofboysandgirls,andthatmostclassroomsplaytothestrengthofgirls.Boys,forexample,donothearaswellasgirls.So,afemaleteacherwithasoftvoicemaybelievethataboywhoisnotpayingattentionisplayingup,whenactuallyhecannothearherproperly.Herreactionmaybetodisciplinehim.ButDr.Saxsaysthatshewouldgetbetterresultsbyspeakinglouderandmovingpurposefullyaroundtheclassroom.Boys’eyesalsorespondbettertomovementanddirection,whilegirls’eyesaremoreaffectedbycolorandtexture.Askedtodraw,five-year-oldgirlsproduceflowers,petsandpeople.Boyswilldrawacarcrash,butmaybereproachedbyteachersforproducingsomethingthatis“notnice”.Similarly,althoughmostgirlscansitstillfromayoungage,mostboysneedtobeactivetodiscovertheirownpace.Oneresult,Dr.Saxbelieves,istheoverdiagnosisofattentiondeficitdisorderamongboyswhoareconsideredinattentivebyteachers.Parentsanddoctorsaretemptedtotreatthiswithmedication,whensimplyputtingtheminaboy-friendlyclassroomwouldbefarmoreeffective.Thefailureofschoolstounderstandwhygendermattersmeansthatboysveryoftenswitchofffromlearningfromanearlyageandneverreengage.Longaftertheirsistershavegonetouniversity,theyarestilltrappedathomesufferingfrom“failuretolaunch”intoadultlife.Thesolution,Dr.Saxbelieves,liesinsingle-sexeducationprovidedbyteacherstrainedtounderstandthedifferencesinbrainfunctionbetweenboysandgirls.34.Accordingtothepassage,inattentiveboysmaydobetterinschool___________.
Text2Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraints(约束)influencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon’tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth’sstory:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle(小隔间)officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles,severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but“nice”isn’taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you’llprobablyhavetoaskforit.Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip(筹码)whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.Useinformationasabargainingchiptoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction.6.Accordingtothepassage,beforetakingajob,apersonshould________.
PassageAMelbourne,withapopulationofover3.5million,isthesecondlargestcityinAustralia.Itisclean,safe,dynamicandexciting,andwellknowninternationallyforitsuniversitiesandothereducationalinstitutions.Thecityhaswell-plannedtree-linedbeautifulparksandgardens.Ithasagoodtransportsystemofroads,buses,trains,andtrams(电车).TheLaTrobeUniversity(拉特罗布大学)campusisconnectedtotheCentralBusinessDistrictbytrams,expressbuses,andbusandtrainconnections.Melbourneisaculturallyrichcity,andishometolargecommunitiesofpeoplefromallpartsofEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsia.Thecityisfamousforitsrestaurants,theaters,music,opera,ballet,art,culture,andshops,andalivelyanddynamicnightlife.Melbournepeopleareinterestedinsports,andthecityhostsmanyfamousinternationalsportsevents.NearMelbournetherearebeautifulcoastlineswithexcellentbeaches,nationalpark,forests,wineries(葡萄酒厂),wintersnowfieldsandsummerresorts.Theclimateistemperateandcomfortable,withmildsummersandwinters.Insummer,maximumdaytimetemperaturesrangefrom26℃to36℃,andinwinterfrom12℃to18℃.TheweatherinMelbournecanbevariablefromdaytoday.In2002.Melbournewasratedtheworld'sbestcitytoliveinbytheEconomistIntelligenceUnit.17.Accordingtothepassage，Melbourneisacitywhere_________.