Cross-cultureUnderstandingonBusinessWeliveinaglobalvillage,buthowwelldoweknowandunderstandthecross-cultureonbusiness?MaybeweassumethatthewidespreadunderstandingofEnglishlanguagemeansacorrespondingunderstandingofEnglishcustoms.However,itmightnotbenecessarilythecase.Ifwewanttohavegoodbusiness,wemusthavethecross-cultureunderstandingonbusiness.Herearesometipsforyoutopayattentionto:1.EyeContactInmanyWesterncountries,includingtheUnitedStates,apersonwhodoesnotmaintain“goodeyecontact”isregardedasbeingslightlysuspicious.Americansunconsciouslyassociatepeoplewhoavoideyecontactasunfriendly,insecure,untrustworthy,inattentiveandimpersonal.However,incontrast,Japaneseadultslowertheireyeswhenspeakingtoasuperior,agestureofrespect.InThailandyoushouldclaspyourhandstogetherandloweryourheadandyoureyeswhenyougreetsomeone.LatinAmericanculture,aswellassomeAfricancultures,suchasNigeria,havelongerlookingtime,butprolongedeyecontactfromanindividualoflowerstatusisconsidereddisrespectful.IntheUS,itisconsideredrudetostare–regardlessofwhoislookingatwhom.Incontrast,thepoliteEnglishmanistaughttopaystrictattentiontoaspeaker,tolistencarefully,andblinkhiseyestoletspeakerknowheorshehasbeenunderstoodaswellasheard,whileinPakistanyoumustn’twinkforit’soffensive.2.TimeofArrivalImagineyouhavemadeanappointmentatthreeo’clock.Whattimeshouldyouexpectyourforeignbusinesscolleaguestoarrive?Ifthey’reGerman,they’llberightontime.Ifthey’reAmerican,they’llprobablybe15minutesearly.Ifthey’llbeBritish,they’llbe15minuteslateandyoushouldallowuptoanhourfortheItalians.3.AtMealandDrinkingTimeTheBritisharehappytohavebusinesslunchanddiscussbusinessmatterswithadrinkduringthemeal;theJapaneseprefernottoworkwhileeating.Lunchisatimetorelaxandgettoknowoneanother,andtheyrarelydrinkatlunchtime.TheGermansliketotalkbusinessbeforedinner.However,incontrast,theFrenchliketoeatfirstandtalkafterwards.Theyhavetobewellfedandwateredbeforetheydiscussanything.Andyoushouldn’tsitdowninacaféuntilyou’veshakenhandswitheveryoneyouknowinFrance.InRussiayoumustmatchyourhostsdrinkfordrink,ortheywillthinkyouareunfriendly;inAmericayoushouldeatyourhamburgerwithbothhandsandasquicklyasyoucan.Youshouldn’ttrytohaveaconversationuntilitiseaten;intheMiddleEastyoumustneverusethelefthandforeating,drinking,smokingorgreeting.Also,youshouldtakecarenottoadmireanythinginyourhost’shome.Theywillfeelthattheyhavetogiveittoyou.Thereareothersuggestionsoncross-cultureunderstandingonbusinessthatmighthelpyouwithyourbusiness.Onlyafewhavebeenmentionedhere.Beforeyougotoacountryonbusiness,youshouldhavetolearnsomethingmoreaboutherculture.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingquestions.1)WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutAmericanaccordingtothetext?

梁平面注写包括集中标注与原位标注，施工时，以()取值优先。

工程量清单计价是在形成综合单价（）再与清单工程量相乘，得出分部分项工程费

在其他条件相同的情况下，同一公司发行的3年期债券与1年期债券相比（）

在下列经济活动中，能够体现企业与投资者之间财务关系的是（　）

图示拉（压）杆1—1截面的轴力为（）

经验只有()才能复制与传承。

人与人之间信息的传递与理解根据对内容和心态分别是否理解，最终会导致以下结果：()。

目标与计划的关系是

关于醇与卤化磷的反应(PX3或PX5)，下列说法正确的是

脂环酮与αβ-不饱和酮发生Michael加成，而后再发生一次分子内醛醇缩合，在原结构中引入一个新环，称为Robinson环化。

Hinsberg反应：伯胺、仲胺分别与对甲苯磺酰氯作用生成相应的对甲苯磺酰胺沉淀，其中伯胺生成的沉淀能溶于碱(如氢氧化钠)溶液，仲胺生成的沉淀则不溶，叔胺与对甲苯磺酰氯不反应。此反应可用于伯仲叔胺的分离与鉴定。

含活泼亚甲基的化合物与醛或酮在弱酸性催化剂(氨、伯胺、仲胺、吡啶等有机碱)存在下缩合得到α,β-不饱和化合物，即活性亚甲基的亚甲基化（Knoevenagel）反应。

Reformatsky（雷福尔马特斯基）反应：醛或酮与α-卤代酸酯和锌在惰性溶剂中反应,经水解后得到α-羟基酸酯。

F-C反应是指在无水三氯化铝等路易斯酸存在下，芳烃与卤烷作用，在芳环上发生亲电取代反应，其氢原子被烷基取代，生成烷基芳烃的反应，称为傅列德尔一克拉夫茨烷基化反应(Friedel-Craftsalkylation)；芳烃与酰卤或酸酐作用，芳环上的氢原子被酰基取代，生成芳酮的反应，称为傅列德尔～克拉夫茨酰基化反应(Friedel-Craftsacylation)。包括烃化和酰化反应，也叫傅（付）克反应。