1．电子商务活动的直接参与者通常不包括（）。

1、被审计单位管理层的认定包括()。

QuartusII中编译VHDL源程序时要求

以下程序中，请选出错误的那行process(clk，d)BeginSignald:std_logic;----------1Variableq:std_logic;----------2Ifclk`eventandclk=’1’Thenq<=d;----------3endif;----------4Endprocess；

上升沿检测有四种表达式可以检测，请写出另外两句上升沿测试语句。（10分）（1）；（2）(CLK’EVENTANDCLK=’1’)AND(CLK’LAST_VALUE=’0’);（3）CLK=’1’ANDCLK’LAST_VALUE=0;（4）；

PartⅡDothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?(每题2分，共计14分)Inboxes16-22onyourAnswerSheet,writeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassageText4:AirTrafficControlintheUSAAnaccidentthatoccurredintheskiesovertheGrandCanyonin1956resultedintheestablishmentoftheFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)toregulateandoverseetheoperationofaircraftintheskiesovertheUnitedStates,whichwerebecomingquitecongested.TheresultingstructureofairtrafficcontrolhasgreatlyincreasedthesafetyofflightintheUnitedStates,andsimilarairtrafficcontrolproceduresarealsoinplaceovermuchoftherestoftheworld.Rudimentaryairtrafficcontrol(ATC)existedwellbeforetheGrandCanyondisaster.Asearlyasthe1920s,theearliestairtrafficcontrollersmanuallyguidedaircraftinthevicinityoftheairports,usinglightsandflags,whilebeaconsandflashinglightswereplacedalongcross-countryroutestoestablishtheearliestairways.However,thispurelyvisualsystemwasuselessinbadweather,and,bythe1930s,radiocommunicationwascomingintouseforATC.Thefirstregiontohavesomethingapproximatingtoday'sATCwasNewYorkCity,withothermajormetropolitanareasfollowingsoonafter.Inthe1940s,ATCcentrescouldanddidtakeadvantageofthenewlydevelopedradarandimprovedradiocommunicationbroughtaboutbytheSecondWorldWar,butthesystemremainedrudimentary.ItwasonlyafterthecreationoftheFAAthatfull-scaleregulationofAmerica'sairspacetookplace,andthiswasfortuitous,fortheadventofthejetenginesuddenlyresultedinalargenumberofveryfastplanes,reducingpilots'marginoferrorandpracticallydemandingsomesetofrulestokeepeveryonewellseparatedandoperatingsafelyintheair.ManypeoplethinkthatATCconsistsofarowofcontrollerssittinginfrontoftheirradarscreensatthenation'sairports,tellingarrivinganddepartingtrafficwhattodo.Thisisaveryincompletepartofthepicture.TheFAArealisedthattheairspaceovertheUnitedStateswouldatanytimehavemanydifferentkindsofplanes,flyingformanydifferentpurposes,inavarietyofweatherconditions,andthesamekindofstructurewasneededtoaccommodateallofthem.Tomeetthischallenge,thefollowingelementswereputintoeffect.First,ATCextendsovervirtuallytheentireUnitedStates.Ingeneral,from365mabovethegroundandhigher,theentirecountryisblanketedbycontrolledairspace.Incertainareas,mainlynearairports,controlledairspaceextendsdownto215mabovetheground,and,intheimmediatevicinityofanairport,allthewaydowntothesurface.ControlledairspaceisthatairspaceinwhichFAAregulationsapply.Elsewhere,inuncontrolledairspace,pilotsareboundbyfewerregulations.Inthisway,therecreationalpilotwhosimplywishestogoflyingforawhilewithoutalltherestrictionsimposedbytheFAAhasonlytostayinuncontrolledairspace,below365m,whilethepilotwhodoeswanttheprotectionaffordedbyATCcaneasilyenterthecontrolledairspace.TheFAAthenrecognisedtwotypesofoperatingenvironments.Ingoodmeteorologicalconditions,flyingwouldbepermittedunderVisualFlightRules(VFR,视觉飞行规则),whichsuggestsastrongrelianceonvisualcuestomaintainanacceptablelevelofsafety.PoorvisibilitynecessitatedasetofInstrumentalFlightRules(IFR,仪表飞行规则),underwhichthepilotreliedonaltitudeandnavigationalinformationprovidedbytheplane'sinstrumentpaneltoflysafely.Onaclearday,apilotincontrolledairspacecanchooseaVFRorIFRflightplan,andtheFAAregulationsweredevisedinawaywhichaccommodatesbothVFRandIFRoperationsinthesameairspace.However,apilotcanonlychoosetoflyIFRiftheypossessaninstrumentratingwhichisaboveandbeyondthebasicpilot'slicensethatmustalsobeheld.onaltitudeandnavigationalinformationprovidedbytheplane'sinstrumentpaneltoflysafely.Onaclearday,apilotincontrolledairspacecanchooseaVFRorIFRflightplan,andtheFAAregulationsweredevisedinawaywhichaccommodatesbothVFRandIFRoperationsinthesameairspace.However,apilotcanonlychoosetoflyIFRiftheypossessaninstrumentratingwhichisaboveandbeyondthebasicpilot'slicensethatmustalsobeheld.Controlledairspaceisdividedintoseveraldifferenttypes,designatedbylettersofthealphabet.UncontrolledairspaceisdesignatedClassF,whilecontrolledairspacebelow5,490mabovesealevelandnotinthevicinityofanairportisClassE.Allairspaceabove5,490misdesignatedClassA.ThereasonforthedivisionofClassEandClassAairspacestemsfromthetypeofplanesoperatinginthem.Generally,ClassEairspaceiswhereonefindsgeneralaviationaircraft(fewofwhichcanclimbabove5,490manyway),andcommercialturbopropaircraft.Above5,490mistherealmoftheheavyjets,sincejetenginesoperatemoreefficientlyathigheraltitudes.ThedifferencebetweenClassEandAairspaceisthatinClassA,alloperationsareIFR,andpilotsmustbeinstrument-rated,thatis,skilledandlicensedinaircraftinstrumentation.ThisisbecauseATCcontroloftheentirespaceisessential.Threeothertypesofairspace,ClassesD,CandB,governthevicinityofairports.Thesecorrespondroughlytosmallmunicipal,medium-sizedmetropolitanandmajormetropolitanairportsrespectively,andencompassanincreasinglyrigoroussetofregulations.Forexample,allaVFRpilothastodotoenterClassCairspaceisestablishtwo-wayradiocontactwithATC.NoexplicitpermissionfromATCtoenterisneeded,althoughthepilotmustcontinuetoobeyallregulationsgoverningVFRflight.ToenterClassBairspace,suchasonapproachtoamajormetropolitanairport,anexplicitATCclearance(飞机起降的许可)isrequired.Theprivatepilotwhocruiseswithoutpermissionintothisairspaceriskslosingtheirlicense.16.TheFAAwascreatedasaresultoftheintroductionofthejetengine.

三、判断题（每小题1分，共10分）1、与人的疏忽或过失相关的风险因素称为道德风险因素（）

二、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）1、在下面的风险因素中，属于心理风险因素的是：（）。

二、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）1、消费者偏好转移，会引起旧产品失去销路，增加对新产品的需求，这属于（）。

三、判断题（每小题1分，共10分）1、人寿保险采用均衡保险费，即保险人在各年度均收取数额相等的保险费把被保险人应若干年负担的保险费的总和，运用科学的计算方法平均分摊于各个年度。（）

1、从发生的时间顺序看，下面四种管理职能排列方式，哪一种更符合逻辑（）。

30.有程序段如下：inta=1,b=2,c=3;if(a>b)c=a;a=b;b=c;执行该程序段后，变量a,b,c的值是

在IP地址的划分中,从A类开始,按从小到大依次分段为A类1.0.0.0～126.255.255.255、B类127.0.0.0～191.255.255.255、C类:192.0.0.0～223.255.255.255、余下224.0.0.0以后就是D、E类地址

15.下面程序的运行结果是：#include<stdio.h>voidmain(){inta=1,b=10;do{b-=a;a++;}while(b--<0);printf("%d,%d\n",a,b);}

1.有如下程序：#include<stdio.h>voidmain(){intx=1,a=0,b=0;switch(x){case0:b++;case1:a++;case2:a++;b++;}printf("a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);}该程序的输出结果是：