机器人搜索引擎：由一个称为蜘蛛（Spider）的机器人程序以某种策略自动地在互联网中搜集和发现信息，由索引器为搜集到的信息建立索引，由检索器根据用户的查询输入检索索引库，并将查询结果返回给用户。

招标信息公开是相对的，对于一些需要保密的事项是不公开了可以的。例如，（）在确定中标结果之前就不可以公开。

PassageOneRecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfaculty全体教师membersfrom阻止，避免做goingelsewhere.(=Stopsb.Fromdoingsth.)Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto“solve”problems—realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired—nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings—hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse（信息交流中心）forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It’sanadministrativesham（欺诈）ofthekindthathasmultiplied大大增加overthelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems—classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being—mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic（官僚的）mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway—thecurriculum课程shouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?

科学管理理论的主要代表人物有：

泰罗的科学管理理论主要包括以下几个方面：

“科学管理理论”的创始人是_________。

培训需求信息收集的（）是一种最原始、最基本的工具之一，其优点在于培训者与培训对象亲自接触，对他们的工作有直接的了解。

在培训对象中选出一批熟悉问题的员工作为代表参加讨论以调查培训需求信息，这是（）。

企业在进行培训需求分析时，可以采用一种分析方法，也可以采用几种方法一起使用收集需求信息。

会计信息系统的财务部分子系统是以（）子系统为核心。